SS-31 10mg Product Overview

SS-31 10mg provides laboratories with a clearly identified quantity of mitochondria-targeting research peptide in a sealed vial presentation. It may support analytical characterisation, mitochondrial membrane studies, cellular energy research and controlled investigations into oxidative and metabolic stress.

SS-31 is a short peptide consisting of four amino-acid residues. It is commonly described as an aromatic-cationic tetrapeptide because its sequence contains alternating aromatic and positively charged residues. This structure contributes to its ability to concentrate within mitochondria without relying solely on the mitochondrial membrane potential.

• Contains 10mg of SS-31 research material
• Also known as elamipretide or MTP-131
• Supplied in a sealed laboratory vial
• Classified as a synthetic tetrapeptide
• Associated with mitochondrial membrane research
• Suitable for controlled analytical investigation
• Batch documentation available where applicable
• Not intended for personal or unsupervised use

What Is SS-31?

SS-31 is a synthetic mitochondria-targeting tetrapeptide developed for research into mitochondrial structure and function. It is widely referred to as elamipretide in clinical and pharmaceutical literature and has also appeared under the development names MTP-131 and Bendavia.

Mitochondria are responsible for producing much of the adenosine triphosphate used by cells. This energy production depends on an organised inner mitochondrial membrane containing respiratory-chain proteins and specialised phospholipids.

SS-31 has been studied for its ability to associate with cardiolipin, a phospholipid concentrated within the inner mitochondrial membrane. Cardiolipin contributes to membrane structure, respiratory-chain organisation and the activity of several proteins involved in oxidative phosphorylation.

Researchers have investigated whether interactions between SS-31 and cardiolipin may influence mitochondrial membrane organisation, electron transport, respiratory efficiency and the generation of reactive oxygen species under defined experimental conditions.

What Is Cardiolipin?

Cardiolipin is a specialised phospholipid found primarily within the inner mitochondrial membrane. It supports the structure and activity of proteins involved in the electron transport chain and helps maintain the organisation of mitochondrial cristae.

Changes to cardiolipin composition, organisation or oxidation have been observed in various laboratory models of mitochondrial dysfunction. This has made cardiolipin an important target within research examining cellular energy failure, oxidative stress and mitochondrial membrane instability.

SS-31 research frequently focuses on the peptide’s association with cardiolipin. Experimental findings have suggested that this interaction may influence membrane properties and respiratory-chain function, although results must always be interpreted within the limits of the specific model and study design.

Why Is SS-31 Studied?

Scientific interest in SS-31 is connected with its selective mitochondrial localisation and its interactions with the inner mitochondrial membrane. Researchers use cellular, biochemical, animal and clinical models to investigate how mitochondrial-targeted compounds may affect energy production and stress responses.

Potential areas of scientific investigation include:

• Mitochondrial membrane organisation
• Cardiolipin-associated processes
• Electron transport-chain activity
• Oxidative phosphorylation
• Cellular ATP production
• Mitochondrial reactive oxygen species
• Redox homeostasis
• Mitochondrial cristae structure
• Cellular responses to metabolic stress
• Age-associated mitochondrial changes
• Skeletal and cardiac muscle research
• Mitochondrial disease models

These topics describe areas of scientific investigation rather than guaranteed benefits or approved uses for this laboratory product. Findings may vary according to the experimental model, peptide concentration, analytical method, study duration and biological conditions.

SS-31 and Mitochondrial Energy Research

The inner mitochondrial membrane contains the protein complexes responsible for oxidative phosphorylation. Electrons pass through the respiratory chain, contributing to the formation of a proton gradient that supports ATP production.

Disruption to membrane structure or respiratory-chain organisation can affect electron transfer and cellular energy production. Laboratory studies have therefore examined whether SS-31-associated changes to cardiolipin and membrane organisation influence mitochondrial efficiency.

Potential research measurements may include:

• Oxygen-consumption rates
• ATP production
• Mitochondrial membrane potential
• Electron transport-chain activity
• Respiratory control ratios
• Reactive oxygen species
• Redox-state markers
• Mitochondrial morphology

Results obtained from isolated mitochondria, cultured cells or animal models cannot automatically be extrapolated to humans or interpreted as evidence supporting use of this research vial as a medicine.

SS-31 and Oxidative Stress Research

Reactive oxygen species are produced during normal mitochondrial respiration. Under certain experimental conditions, excessive production or reduced antioxidant capacity may disrupt proteins, lipids and nucleic acids.

SS-31 has been investigated in research models involving mitochondrial oxidant production and redox balance. Some studies examine whether its interaction with the inner mitochondrial membrane affects electron leakage and the formation of reactive oxygen species.

Oxidative stress is a complex process influenced by numerous enzymes, signalling pathways and cellular compartments. Researchers should therefore avoid interpreting a change in one oxidative marker as proof of a complete biological or therapeutic effect.

Why Choose a 10mg Vial Presentation?

The 10mg presentation may be suitable for small or medium-scale laboratory programmes requiring a clearly recorded quantity of SS-31. It may support preliminary analysis, method-development work or repeated experimental procedures within controlled research environments.

SS-31 10mg may be considered for:

• Peptide identity assessment
• Chromatographic method development
• Mass spectrometry analysis
• Mitochondrial membrane research
• Controlled cellular studies
• Comparative peptide investigations
• Stability and degradation analysis
• Biochemical assay development
• Academic research programmes

Researchers should calculate the quantity required before ordering and ensure that suitable storage, inventory and handling procedures remain available throughout the study.

SS-31 10mg Product Details

Potential Laboratory Applications

Mitochondrial Membrane Research

Researchers may use SS-31 in controlled systems designed to investigate the organisation, stability and function of the inner mitochondrial membrane. Areas of interest may include cristae structure, membrane-associated proteins and cardiolipin-dependent processes.

Respiratory-Chain Analysis

SS-31 may be studied in models examining electron transport, oxygen consumption and oxidative phosphorylation. These experiments can help researchers explore how mitochondrial membrane conditions influence respiratory efficiency.

Redox and Oxidative Stress Models

Laboratories may investigate SS-31 under conditions designed to produce mitochondrial oxidative stress. Analytical measurements may include reactive oxygen species, antioxidant responses, lipid oxidation and redox-sensitive signalling.

Muscle and Cellular Energy Research

Preclinical studies have examined SS-31 in skeletal and cardiac muscle models involving mitochondrial energy production and age-associated energetic changes. These findings remain dependent on the experimental model and do not establish an approved use for the research product.

Peptide Stability Analysis

Researchers may evaluate the identity, purity and degradation profile of SS-31 under controlled environmental conditions. Stability findings should only be applied to the sample, storage period and conditions included in the study.

Analytical Method Development

SS-31 10mg may support the development or validation of chromatographic, spectrometric and biochemical methods used to identify and characterise mitochondria-targeting peptides.

SS-31 10mg Compared with Other Apex Pharma Products

SS-31 and retatrutide are structurally different peptides associated with separate areas of scientific investigation. SS-31 is a mitochondria-targeting tetrapeptide studied primarily in relation to cardiolipin and mitochondrial function. Retatrutide is an investigational peptide associated with GLP-1, GIP and glucagon receptor research.

These products should not be treated as interchangeable. Laboratories should select compounds according to the objectives, analytical requirements and approved procedures of their individual research programme.

Research and Regulatory Context

Elamipretide has progressed beyond preclinical investigation and has been examined in human clinical trials involving mitochondrial disorders and other conditions associated with mitochondrial dysfunction.

In September 2025, the United States Food and Drug Administration granted accelerated approval to a specific prescription elamipretide product for Barth syndrome in eligible patients weighing at least 30kg. That approval applies only to the authorised pharmaceutical product, indication, manufacturing controls and prescribing conditions.

It does not make SS-31 10mg research vials approved medicines, and it does not establish that products supplied for laboratory investigation are suitable substitutes for a regulated pharmaceutical product.

Researchers should maintain a clear distinction between published studies, authorised medicines and independently supplied research materials.

Batch Testing and Product Documentation

Batch-specific analytical documentation can help laboratories confirm that the supplied material corresponds with the expected compound and production lot. Depending on the tests performed, a Certificate of Analysis or independent report may provide information relating to identity, chromatographic purity and total quantity.

Researchers should review:

• The product and compound name
• The batch or lot number
• The date of analysis
• The analytical methods used
• The reported chromatographic purity
• The expected and observed molecular mass
• The physical appearance of the sample
• The testing laboratory’s details
• The measured quantity where assessed

Documentation should correspond with the exact SS-31 10mg batch being purchased. Results relating to a previous production run, another presentation or a different peptide should not automatically be applied to current stock.

Understanding Identity, Purity and Quantity

Identity, purity and quantity are separate analytical characteristics. Confirmation of one does not automatically verify the others.

• Identity testing examines whether the analytical signals correspond with the expected SS-31 molecule.
• Purity testing estimates the relative proportion of detected material associated with the principal compound under the selected method.
• Quantity testing measures how much target research material is present in the submitted sample.

A high chromatographic purity percentage does not automatically confirm sterility, endotoxin status, total vial quantity, long-term stability or suitability for administration. Researchers should interpret every report within the scope of the tests performed.

Storage and Laboratory Handling

SS-31 10mg should be stored according to the product label and accompanying technical documentation. Product-specific storage instructions should always take priority over general information.

General laboratory considerations include:

• Following the stated storage temperature
• Keeping the vial sealed until required
• Protecting the material from moisture
• Avoiding unnecessary exposure to light
• Preventing unsuitable temperature fluctuations
• Recording the batch number and date received
• Restricting access to authorised personnel
• Maintaining accurate inventory records
• Following approved disposal procedures

Preparation, analysis and disposal should only be carried out by trained personnel using suitable laboratory equipment, documented procedures and appropriate protective measures.

Who Is SS-31 10mg Intended For?

SS-31 10mg is intended for suitably equipped researchers and organisations with the technical knowledge, facilities and documented procedures required to handle investigational peptides responsibly.

Potential purchasers may include:

• Analytical laboratories
• University research departments
• Biotechnology organisations
• Contract research laboratories
• Mitochondrial research groups
• Peptide-analysis specialists
• Cellular bioenergetics laboratories
• Scientific procurement teams

The product is not intended for consumers seeking a medical, performance, anti-ageing, wellness or personal-use product.

Why Buy SS-31 10mg from Apex Pharma?

Apex Pharma supplies clearly identified compounds and peptides for controlled scientific investigation. SS-31 10mg provides a practical vial presentation for laboratories conducting mitochondrial, biochemical and cellular-energy research.

Researchers choosing Apex Pharma can benefit from:

• Clearly stated product quantities
• Secure vial-based presentations
• Batch documentation where available
• Independent analytical testing where applicable
• Clear research-use labelling
• UK-based customer support
• Reliable nationwide delivery
• A growing laboratory research range

The wider Apex Pharma catalogue also includes Reta 20mg, Reta Pen 20mg and Reta Pen 40mg. Researchers should review the individual product details, presentation formats and current batch documentation before ordering.

Frequently Asked Questions